Examples of targeted therapy in the following topics:
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- This idea, that therapy and medicines can be tailored to an individual, has given rise to the field of personalized medicine.
- With an increased understanding of gene regulation and gene function, medicines can be designed to specifically target diseased cells without harming healthy cells.
- Some new medicines, called targeted therapies, have exploited the overexpression of a specific protein or the mutation of a gene to develop a new medication to treat disease.
- Undoubtedly, more targeted therapies will be developed as scientists learn more about how gene expression changes can cause cancer .
- Target therapies exploit the overexpression of a specific protein or gene mutation to develop new medications against the specific cancer.
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- The discovery of potential therapies will be made easier using genome targets.
- With modern biotechnology, these genes can be used as targets for the development of effective new therapies, which could significantly shorten the drug discovery process.
- Genomic knowledge of the genes involved in diseases, disease pathways, and drug-response sites are expected to lead to the discovery of thousands more new targets.
- Gene therapy is a genetic engineering technique used to cure disease.
- Gene therapy using an adenovirus vector can be used to cure certain genetic diseases in which a person has a defective gene.
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- Cancer biologists realized that gene duplication led to HER2 overexpression in 25 percent of breast cancer patients and developed a drug called Herceptin (trastuzumab), a monoclonal antibody that targets HER2 for removal by the immune system.
- Herceptin therapy helps to control signaling through HER2.
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- It is important that the targeted proteins be encoded by viral genes and that these molecules are not present in a healthy host cell.
- The breakthrough in the treatment of HIV was the development of HAART, highly-active anti-retroviral therapy, which involves a mixture of different drugs, sometimes called a drug "cocktail."
- Still, even with the use of combination HAART therapy, there is concern that, over time, the virus will develop resistance to this therapy.
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- In order to function, proteins must fold into the correct three-dimensional shape, and be targeted to the correct part of the cell.
- Therefore, improved understanding of protein folding may lead to new therapies for cystic fibrosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, and many other diseases.
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- Treatment following a stroke can include blood pressure medication (to prevent future strokes) and (sometimes intense) physical therapy.
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- Because these changes are temporary and can be reversed (for example, by preventing the action of the histone deacetylase protein that removes acetyl groups, or by DNA methyl transferase enzymes that add methyl groups to cytosines in DNA) it is possible to design new drugs and new therapies to take advantage of the reversible nature of these processes.
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- Signaling to the target tissue usually involves two synapses.
- A preganglionic neuron (originating in the CNS) synapses to a neuron in a ganglion that, in turn, synapses on the target organ .
- Postganglionic neurons then release norepinephrine onto target organs.
- The postganglionic neuron, in turn, acts on a target organ.
- The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems often have opposing effects on target organs.
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- Other clinical interventions focus on behavioral therapies such as psychotherapy, sensory therapy, and cognitive exercises.
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- Highly plastic adult stem cells are routinely used in medical therapies, for example in bone marrow transplantation.
- Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.