Examples of T cell in the following topics:
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- Whether an immature lymphocyte becomes a B cell or T cell depends on where in the body it matures.
- The B cells remain in the bone marrow to mature (hence the name "B" for "bone marrow"), while T cells migrate to the thymus, where they mature (hence the name "T" for "thymus").
- Meanwhile, T cell receptors are responsible for the recognition of pathogenic antigens by T cells .
- Unlike B cells, T cells do not directly recognize antigens.
- Explain the role played by B and T cells in the adaptive immune system
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- This response is accompanied by a marked drop in the number of circulating CD4+ T cells, cells that are or will become helper T cells.
- The CD8+ T cell response is thought to be important in controlling virus levels, which peak and then decline, as the CD4+ T cell counts recover.
- Ultimately, HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4+ T cells (helper T cells).
- T cells are essential to the immune response; without them, the body cannot fight infections or kill cancerous cells.
- During the acute phase, HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells accounts for CD4+ T cell depletion, although apoptosis (programmed cell death) may also be a factor.
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- Cell-mediated immunity involves cytotoxic T cells recognizing infected cells and bringing about their destruction.
- Unlike B cells, T lymphocytes (T cells) are unable to recognize pathogens without assistance.
- T cells become activated towards a certain antigen once they encounter it displayed on an MHC II.
- Cytotoxic T cells mediate one arm of the cellular immune response
- There are two main types of T cells: helper T lymphocytes (TH) and the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TC).
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- During the adaptive immune response to a pathogen that has not been encountered before, known as the primary immune response, plasma cells secreting antibodies and differentiated T cells increase, then plateau over time.
- As B cells and T cells mature into effector cells, a subset of the naïve populations differentiates into B and T memory cells with the same antigen specificities .
- A memory cell is an antigen-specific B or T lymphocyte that does not differentiate into an effector cell during the primary immune response, but that can immediately become an effector cell on re-exposure to the same pathogen.
- A helper T cell recognizes the MHC II–antigen complex and activates the B cell.
- Describe the role of memory B and T cells in immulogical memory
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- They include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.
- T cells attack viruses, fungi, some bacteria, transplanted cells, and cancer cells.
- Once inside the cell, HIV then multiplies using the T cell's own genetic machinery.
- After the HIV virus replicates, it is transmitted directly from the infected T cell to macrophages.
- Lymphocytes, including B and T cells, are responsible for adaptive immune response.
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- Immune tolerance of self and harmless antigens occurs by deleting B and T cells that recognize those antigens, often near mucosal surfaces.
- There are populations of T cells that suppress the immune response to self-antigens.
- Antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells aggregate within the Peyer's patch, forming organized lymphoid follicles.
- There, some T cells and B cells are activated.
- Other antigen-loaded dendritic cells migrate through the lymphatic system where they activate B cells, T cells, and plasma cells in the lymph nodes.
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- While NK cells are part of the innate immune response, they are best understood relative to their counterparts in the adaptive immune response,T cells, which are also classified as lymphocytes.
- T cells are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland and identify intracellular infections, especially from viruses, by the altered expression of major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules on the surface of infected cells.
- If the cell is infected, the MHC I molecules display fragments of proteins from the infectious agents to T-cells.
- This process can deplete host MHC I molecules on the cell surface, which prevents T-cells from recognizing them, but which NK cells detect as "unhealthy" or "abnormal" while searching for cellular MHC I molecules.
- As such, NK cells offer a complementary check for unhealthy cells, relative to T cells.
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- Another example of external signaling that leads to apoptosis occurs in T-cell development.
- T-cells are immune cells that bind to foreign macromolecules and particles, targeting them for destruction by the immune system.
- Normally, T-cells do not target "self" proteins (those of their own organism), a process that can lead to autoimmune diseases.
- In order to develop the ability to discriminate between self and non-self, immature T-cells undergo screening to determine whether they bind to so-called self proteins.
- If the T-cell receptor binds to self proteins, the cell initiates apoptosis to remove the potentially dangerous cell.
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- Another example of external signaling that leads to apoptosis occurs in T-cell development.
- T-cells are immune cells that bind to foreign macromolecules and particles, and target them for destruction by the immune system.
- Normally, T-cells do not target "self" proteins (those of their own organism), a process that can lead to autoimmune diseases.
- In order to develop the ability to discriminate between self and non-self, immature T-cells undergo screening to determine whether they bind to so-called self proteins.
- If the T-cell receptor binds to self proteins, the cell initiates apoptosis to remove the potentially dangerous cell.
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- Most cells in the blood are red blood cells.
- B cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow, whereas progenitor cells migrate from the bone marrow and develop and mature into naïve T cells in the organ called the thymus.
- On maturation, T and B lymphocytes circulate to various destinations.
- Lymph nodes scattered throughout the body house large populations of T and B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages .
- The spleen houses B and T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells .