Examples of nucleotide in the following topics:
-
- The addition of nucleotides requires energy; this energy is obtained from the nucleotides that have three phosphates attached to them, similar to ATP which has three phosphate groups attached.
- There are specific nucleotide sequences called origins of replication where replication begins.
- It also requires a free 3'-OH group to which it can add nucleotides by forming a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-OH end and the 5' phosphate of the next nucleotide.
- This means that it cannot add nucleotides if a free 3'-OH group is not available.
- The replication fork moves at the rate of 1000 nucleotides per second.
-
- Yet there are only four different nucleotides in DNA or RNA, so a minimum of three nucleotides are needed to code each of the 21 (or 22) amino acids .
- The only difference is that in RNA all of the T nucleotides are replaced with U nucleotides.
- The nucleotide on the DNA template strand that corresponds to the site from which the first 5' RNA nucleotide is transcribed is called the +1 nucleotide, or the initiation site.
- Conversely, nucleotides following, or 3' to, the template strand initiation site are denoted with "+" numbering and are called downstream nucleotides.
- A codon is made of three nucleotides.
-
- The monomeric building blocks of DNA are deoxyribomononucleotides (usually referred to as just nucleotides), and DNA is formed from linear chains, or polymers, of these nucleotides.
- The nucleotide is named depending on which nitrogenous base is present.
- In polynucleotides (the linear polymers of nucleotides) the nucleotides are connected to each other by covalent bonds known as phosphodiester bonds or phosphodiester linkages.
- Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- Once at least one phosphate is covalently attached, it is known as a nucleotide.
-
- DNA sequencing techniques are used to determine the order of nucleotides (A,T,C,G) in a DNA molecule.
- Using radiolabeled nucleotides also compounded the problem through safety concerns.
- From the color of the resulting flouresence, a computer can keep track of which nucleotide was present as the terminating nucleotide.
- Each sequencing reaction is a modified replication reaction involving flourescently-tagged nucleotides, but no chain-terminating dideoxy nucleotides are needed.
- Sanger sequence can only produce several hundred nucleotides of sequence per reaction.
-
- Only the nucleotide complementary to the template nucleotide at that position is added to the new strand.
- For example, when DNA polymerase meets an adenosine nucleotide on the template strand, it adds a thymidine to the 3' end of the newly synthesized strand, and then moves to the next nucleotide on the template strand.
- This short stretch of RNA nucleotides is called the primer.
- Eventually, the RNA nucleotides in the primer are removed and replaced with DNA nucleotides.
- Once all the template nucleotides have been replicated, the replication process is not yet over.
-
- If it is the correct base, the next nucleotide is added.
- Once the incorrect nucleotide has been removed, a new one will be added again.
- Mutations, variations in the nucleotide sequence of a genome, can also occur because of damage to DNA.
- The most common nucleotide mutations are substitutions, in which one base is replaced by another.
- Nucleotide excision repairs thymine dimers.
-
- DNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as nucleotides.
- The nucleotides combine with each other to form a polynucleotide: DNA or RNA.
- Each nucleotide is made up of three components:
- A nucleotide is made up of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
- Two types of pentose are found in nucleotides, deoxyribose (found in DNA) and ribose (found in RNA).
-
- The nucleotide pair in the DNA double helix that corresponds to the site from which the first 5' mRNA nucleotide is transcribed is called the +1 site, or the initiation site.
- Nucleotides preceding the initiation site are given negative numbers and are designated upstream.
- Conversely, nucleotides following the initiation site are denoted with "+" numbering and are called downstream nucleotides.
- The transcription initiation phase ends with the production of abortive transcripts, which are polymers of approximately 10 nucleotides that are made and released.
-
- They realized only later that the mixed nucleotides were of two types—one containing ribose (RNA) and the other deoxyribose (DNA).
- He called each of these units a nucleotide and suggested the DNA molecule consisted of a string of nucleotide units linked together through the phosphate groups, which are the 'backbone' of the molecule.
- Crick and Watson built physical models using metal rods and balls, in which they incorporated the known chemical structures of the nucleotides, as well as the known position of the linkages joining one nucleotide to the next along the polymer.
- Chargaff had observed that the proportions of the four nucleotides vary between one DNA sample and the next, but that for particular pairs of nucleotides (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine) the two nucleotides are always present in equal proportions.
-
- The genetic code is degenerate as there are 64 possible nucleotide triplets (43), which is far more than the number of amino acids .
- These nucleotide triplets are called codons; they instruct the addition of a specific amino acid to a polypeptide chain.
- An enzyme adds one nucleotide to the mRNA strand for every nucleotide it reads in the DNA strand.
- The translation of this information to a protein is more complex because three mRNA nucleotides correspond to one amino acid in the polypeptide sequence.
- The genetic code for translating each nucleotide triplet (codon) in mRNA into an amino acid or a translation termination signal.