Examples of molecular cloning in the following topics:
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- Molecular cloning reproduces the desired regions or fragments of a genome, enabling the manipulation and study of genes.
- In general, the word "cloning" means the creation of a perfect replica; however, in biology, the re-creation of a whole organism is referred to as "reproductive cloning."
- Long before attempts were made to clone an entire organism, researchers learned how to reproduce desired regions or fragments of the genome, a process that is referred to as molecular cloning.
- Plasmids have been repurposed and engineered as vectors for molecular cloning and the large-scale production of important reagents such as insulin and human growth hormone.
- This diagram shows the steps involved in molecular cloning, where regions or fragments of a genome are reproduced to allow the study or manipulation of genes and their protein products.
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- In genetic engineering, an organism's genotype is altered using recombinant DNA, created by molecular cloning, to modify an organism's DNA.
- Recombinant DNA technology, or DNA cloning, is the process of transferring a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element, such as a bacteria plasmid, which is called a vector.
- The addition of foreign DNA in the form of recombinant DNA vectors generated by molecular cloning is the most common method of genetic engineering.
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- Reproductive cloning, possible through artificially-induced asexual reproduction, is a method used to make a clone of an entire organism.
- Reproductive cloning is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism.
- This idea forms the basis for reproductive cloning.
- It can be used for either therapeutic cloning or reproductive cloning.
- Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned.
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- Reproductive cloning is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism.
- In cloning both the original organism and the clone have identical DNA.
- Cloning became an issue in scientific ethics when a sheep became the first mammal cloned from an adult cell in 1996.
- There have been attempts at producing cloned human embryos as sources of embryonic stem cells, sometimes referred to as 'cloning for therapeutic purposes'.
- Dolly the sheep was the first large mammal to be cloned.
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- Modern techniques use the genes of microorganisms cloned into vectors to mass produce the desired antigen.
- Genes cloned from the influenza virus have been used to combat the constantly-changing strains of this virus.
- The HGH gene was cloned from a cDNA library and inserted into E. coli cells by cloning it into a bacterial vector.
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- Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.
- It is possible that the molecular distinction between symmetric and asymmetric division lies in differential segregation of cell membrane proteins between the daughter cells.
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- There are molecular-weight standard samples that can be run alongside the molecules to provide a size comparison.
- PCR is used for many purposes in laboratories, such as the cloning of gene fragments to analyze genetic diseases, identification of contaminant foreign DNA in a sample, and the amplification of DNA for sequencing.
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- The process of establishing relationships between organisms is increasingly becoming more accurate due to advances in molecular analysis.
- Previously, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on homologous and analogous morphology; however, with the advances in molecular biology, construction of phylogenetic trees is increasingly performed using data derived from molecular analyses.
- Many evolutionary relationships in the modern tree have only recently been determined due to molecular evidence.
- Molecular data have also shed light on some differences within the lophotrochozoan group.
- Distinguish between morphological and molecular data in creating phylogenetic trees of animals
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- Asexual and sexual reproduction, two methods of reproduction among animals, produce offspring that are clones or genetically unique.
- Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent because the offspring are all clones of the original parent.
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- The prokaryote, now enlarged, is pinched inward at its equator and the two resulting cells, which are clones, separate.