Examples of major histocompatibility complex in the following topics:
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- These fragments are then transported to the surface of the APC, where they are presented on proteins known as Major Histocompatibility Complexes class II (MHC II, see ).
- To recognize which cells to pursue, TC recognize antigens presented on MHC I complexes, which are present on all nucleated cells.
- MHC I complexes display a current readout of intracellular proteins inside a cell and will present pathogen antigens if the pathogen is present in the cell.
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- Instead, they recognize antigens presented on major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) that cells use to display which proteins are inside of them.
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- T cells are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland and identify intracellular infections, especially from viruses, by the altered expression of major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules on the surface of infected cells.
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- Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotes; therefore, they have a nucleus and organelles characteristic of more complex life forms.
- Comparisons of the genomes of yeasts, nematode worms, fruit flies, and humans illustrate the evolution of increasingly-complex signaling systems that allow for the efficient inner workings that keep humans and other complex life forms functioning correctly.
- Kinases are a major component of cellular communication.
- More complex organisms such as nematode worms and fruit flies have 454 and 239 kinases, respectively.
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- All living things require energy in one form or another since energy is required by most, complex, metabolic pathways (often in the form of ATP); life itself is an energy-driven process.
- Living organisms would not be able to assemble macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates) from their monomeric subunits without a constant energy input.
- Photoautotrophs, such as plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, serve as the energy source for a majority of the world's ecosystems.
- The energy stored in ATP is used to synthesize complex organic molecules, such as glucose.
- This allows chemoautotrophs to synthesize complex organic molecules, such as glucose, for their own energy and in turn supplies energy to the rest of the ecosystem.
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- Most scientists agree that high atmospheric carbon dioxide is a major cause of global climate change.
- They are mathematically complex models that are good at predicting components of ecosystems such as food chains.
- However, their accuracy is limited by their simplification of complex ecosystems.
- Like analytical models, simulation models use complex algorithms to predict ecosystem dynamics.
- However, sophisticated computer programs have enabled simulation models to predict responses in complex ecosystems.
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- Living mammals can be classified into three major classes: eutherians, monotremes, and metatherians.
- Marsupials differ from eutherians in that there is a less complex placental connection.
- Eutherian mammals are sometimes called placental mammals because all species possess a complex placenta that connects a fetus to the mother, allowing for gas, fluid, and nutrient exchange.
- While other mammals possess a less complex placenta or briefly have a placenta, all eutherians possess a complex placenta during gestation.
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- Eukaryotes, having probably evolved from prokaryotes, have more complex traits in both cell and DNA organization.
- Prokaryotic cells are known to be much less complex than eukaryotic cells since eukaryotic cells are considered to be present at a later point of evolution.
- Differences in complexity can be seen at the cellular level.
- A major DNA difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in eukaryotes.
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- The blood from the heart is carried through the body by a complex network of blood vessels .
- The main artery is the aorta that branches into other major arteries, which take blood to different limbs and organs.
- The major veins drain blood from the same organs and limbs that the major arteries supply.
- The blood from the heart is carried through the body by a complex network of blood vessels.
- This diagram illustrates the major human arteries and veins of the human body.
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- Anabolic pathways require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones.
- Catabolic pathways involve the degradation of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing the chemical energy stored in the bonds of those molecules.