Examples of macromolecule in the following topics:
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- Many critical nutrients are biological macromolecules.
- The term "macromolecule" was first coined in the 1920s by Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger.
- Biological macromolecules play a critical role in cell structure and function.
- Foods such as bread, fruit, and cheese are rich sources of biological macromolecules.
- All organisms are composed of a variety of these biological macromolecules.
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- Carbohydrates are a major class of biological macromolecules that are an essential part of our diet and provide energy to the body.
- Biological macromolecules are large molecules that are necessary for life and are built from smaller organic molecules.
- One major class of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, which are further divided into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides .
- Carbohydrates are biological macromolecules that are further divided into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Like all macromolecules, carbohydrates are necessary for life and are built from smaller organic molecules.
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- Cells are made of many complex molecules called macromolecules, which include proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids.
- The macromolecules are a subset of organic molecules (any carbon-containing liquid, solid, or gas) that are especially important for life.
- The fundamental component for all of these macromolecules is carbon.
- The carbon atom has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or "backbone," of the macromolecules.
- All living things contain carbon in some form, and carbon is the primary component of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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- Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers.
- Different types of monomers can combine in many configurations, giving rise to a diverse group of macromolecules.
- Three of the four major classes of biological macromolecules (complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins), are composed of monomers that join together via dehydration synthesis reactions.
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- Functional groups are found along the "carbon backbone" of macromolecules which is formed by chains and/or rings of carbon atoms with the occasional substitution of an element such as nitrogen or oxygen.
- Each of the four types of macromolecules—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids—has its own characteristic set of functional groups that contributes greatly to its differing chemical properties and its function in living organisms.
- Hydrogen bonds between functional groups (within the same molecule or between different molecules) are important to the function of many macromolecules and help them to fold properly and maintain the appropriate shape needed to function correctly.
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- Lysosomes are organelles that digest macromolecules, repair cell membranes, and respond to foreign substances entering the cell.
- A lysosome has three main functions: the breakdown/digestion of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), cell membrane repairs, and responses against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens.
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- Many molecules that are biologically important are macromolecules, large molecules that are typically formed by polymerization (a polymer is a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called monomers, which are simpler than macromolecules).
- An example of a macromolecule is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) , which contains the instructions for the structure and functioning of all living organisms.
- Macromolecules can form aggregates within a cell that are surrounded by membranes; these are called organelles.
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- Cells are essentially a well-organized assemblage of macromolecules and water.
- Recall that macromolecules are produced by the polymerization of smaller units called monomers.
- Carbon is the major element in all macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and many other compounds.
- Prokaryotes can use different sources of energy to assemble macromolecules from smaller molecules.
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- Of the four major macromolecules in biological systems, both proteins and nucleic acids contain nitrogen.
- During the catabolism, or breakdown, of nitrogen-containing macromolecules, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are extracted and stored in the form of carbohydrates and fats.