Examples of long-term depression in the following topics:
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- Synaptic plasticity can be either short-term (synaptic enhancement or synaptic depression) or long-term.
- Two processes in particular, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), are important forms of synaptic plasticity that occur in synapses in the hippocampus: a brain region involved in storing memories .
- Short-term synaptic depression can also arise from post-synaptic processes and from feedback activation of presynaptic receptors.
- Long-term depression (LTD) is essentially the reverse of LTP: it is a long-term weakening of a synaptic connection.
- Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDA receptors can initiate two different forms of synaptic plasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).
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- The adrenal glands respond to either short-term or long-term stressors by releasing different hormones that act differently on the body.
- Glycogen reserves, which provide energy in the short-term response to stress, are exhausted after several hours and cannot meet long-term energy needs.
- In this situation, the body has evolved a response to counter long-term stress through the actions of the glucocorticoids, which ensure that long-term energy requirements can be met.
- Long-term stress response differs from short-term stress response.
- In a long-term stress response, the hypothalamus triggers the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland.
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- Climate refers to long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions, while weather refers to atmospheric conditions during a short period of time.
- These misconceptions often arise because of confusion over the terms climate and weather.
- Climate refers to the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area .
- You would be thinking about climate when you plan the event in the summer rather than the winter because you have long-term knowledge that any given Saturday in the months of May to August would be a better choice for an outdoor event in Wisconsin than any given Saturday in January.
- Climate refers to long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area.
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- Populations of K-selected species tend to exist close to their carrying capacity (hence the term K-selected) where intraspecific competition is high.
- These species produce few offspring, have a long gestation period, and often give long-term care to their offspring.
- In plants, scientists think of parental care more broadly: how long fruit takes to develop or how long it remains on the plant are determining factors in the time to the next reproductive event.
- Animals that are r-selected do not give long-term parental care and the offspring are relatively mature and self-sufficient at birth.
- (A) Elephants are considered K-selected species as they live long, mature late, and provide long-term parental care to few offspring.
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- Myocytes, sometimes colloquially termed “muscle fibers” form
the bulk of muscle tissue.
- The sarcoplasm is rich with glycogen and myoglobin
which store the glucose and oxygen required for energy generation; and is
almost completely filled with myofibrils, the long fibers composed of
myofilaments that facilitate muscle contraction.
- Myofibrils are composed of long myofilaments of actin and
myosin and other associated proteins.
- These proteins are organized into regions
termed sarcomeres which are the functional contractile region of the myocyte.
- The molecular model of contraction which describes the
interaction between actin and myosin myofilaments is termed the cross bridge
cycle.
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- In terms of how quickly speciation occurs, two patterns are currently observed: the gradual speciation model and the punctuated equilibrium model.
- In the punctuated equilibrium model, a new species changes quickly from the parent species and then remains largely unchanged for long periods of time afterward.
- Layers of their fossils would appear similar for a long time.
- In (b) punctuated equilibrium, species diverge quickly and then remain unchanged for long periods of time.
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- It is believed that early animal life, termed Ediacaran biota, evolved from protists at this time.
- The earliest life comprising Ediacaran biota was long believed to include only tiny, sessile, soft-bodied sea creatures.
- They are believed to show the existence of hard body parts and spicules that extended 20–40 cm from the main body (estimated about 5 cm long).
- While the validity of this claim is still under investigation, these primitive fossils appear to be small, one-centimeter long, sponge-like creatures.
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- This may seem illogical, but think of it in terms of a person moving a heavy rope.
- It takes little effort by a person to move a rope in long, wide waves.
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- Fossil records indicate that trees and their root symbionts share a long evolutionary history.
- This association is termed biotrophic .
- A long-held theory is that Glomeromycota were instrumental in the colonization of land by plants.
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- Short-term stress can affect hormone levels, while long-term stress can delay puberty, causing less-frequent menstrual cycles.