lateral undulation

(noun)

movement by bending the body from side to side

Related Terms

Examples of lateral undulation in the following topics:

  • Modern Amphibians

    • They move by bending their bodies from side to side, called lateral undulation, in a fish-like manner while "walking" their arms and legs back and forth.
    • Tadpoles usually have gills, a lateral line system, long-finned tails, and lack limbs.
    • During this stage, the gills, tail, and lateral line system disappear, and four limbs develop.

  • Cell Theory

    • Later advances in lenses, microscope construction, and staining techniques enabled other scientists to see some components inside cells.
    • Rudolf Virchow later made important contributions to this theory.
    • Schleiden and Schwann proposed spontaneous generation as the method for cell origination, but spontaneous generation (also called abiogenesis) was later disproven.

  • Movement at Synovial Joints

    • Examples of abduction include moving the arms or legs laterally to lift them straight out to the side.
    • Rotation can be toward the midline of the body, which is referred to as medial rotation, or away from the midline of the body, which is referred to as lateral rotation.
    • (e) Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement.
    • Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction.
    • Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body (medial or internal rotation) or away from the midline (lateral or external rotation).

  • Primary and Secondary Growth in Stems

    • It is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem .
    • If the apical bud is removed, then the axillary buds will start forming lateral branches.
    • The increase in stem thickness that results from secondary growth is due to the activity of the lateral meristems, which are lacking in herbaceous plants.
    • Lateral meristems include the vascular cambium and, in woody plants, the cork cambium .
    • In woody plants, cork cambium is the outermost lateral meristem.

  • Vertebrate Axis Formation

    • However, animal bodies have lateral-medial (toward the side-toward the midline), dorsal-ventral (toward the back-toward the belly), and anterior-posterior (toward the front-toward the back) axes .
    • Wnt signaling is also involved in the axis formation of specific body parts and organ systems that are a part of later development.
    • Animal bodies have three axes for symmetry: anterior/posterior (front/behind), dorsal/ventral (back/belly), and lateral/medial (side/middle).

  • Digestive Systems

    • Animals use the organs of their digestive systems to extract important nutrients from food they consume, which can later be absorbed.
    • During digestion, food particles are broken down to smaller components which will later be absorbed by the body.

  • The Fossil Record and the Evolution of the Modern Horse

    • The fossil record of horses in North America is especially rich and contains transition fossils: fossils that show intermediate stages between earlier and later forms.
    • His sketch of the entire animal matched later skeletons found at the site.
    • In 1833 in Santa Fe, Argentina, he was "filled with astonishment" when he found a horse's tooth in the same stratum as fossils of giant armadillos and wondered if it might have been washed down from a later layer, but concluded this was "not very probable."
    • Later species showed gains in size, such as those of Hipparion, which existed from about 23 to 2 million years ago.

  • Gnathostomes: Jawed Fishes

    • Gnathostomes later evolved into all tetrapods (animals with four limbs) including amphibians, birds, and mammals.
    • Sharks, together with most fishes and aquatic and larval amphibians, also have a sense organ called the lateral line, which is used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water.
    • The lateral line is visible as a darker stripe that runs along the length of a fish's body.
    • Like sharks, bony fish have a lateral line system that detects vibrations in water.

  • Evolution of Mammals

    • Later, the eutherian and metatherian lineages separated.
    • Later in the Mesozoic, after theropod dinosaurs replaced rauisuchians as the dominant carnivores, mammals spread into other ecological niches.
    • The later synapsids, which had more-evolved characteristics unique to mammals, possess cheeks for holding food and heterodont teeth (specialized for chewing by mechanically breaking down food to speed digestion and releasing the energy needed to produce heat).
    • The jawbone also shows changes from early synapsids to later ones.

  • Establishing Body Axes during Development

    • Animal bodies have three axes for symmetry (lateral-medial, dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior) which are established in development.
    • However, animal bodies have lateral-medial (left-right), dorsal-ventral (back-belly), and anterior-posterior (head-feet) axes .
    • These cell types are specified by the secretion of Shh from the notochord (located ventrally to the neural tube), and later from the floor plate cells.
    • Animal bodies have three axes for symmetry:lateral-medial (left-right), dorsal-ventral (back-belly), and anterior-posterior (head-feet).