endoderm

Examples of endoderm in the following topics:

• Animal Characterization Based on Features of Embryological Development

  • Diploblasts have a non-living layer between the endoderm and ectoderm.
  • The pseudocoelomates have a coelom derived partly from mesoderm and partly from endoderm.
  • During embryogenesis, diploblasts develop two embryonic germ layers: an ectoderm and an endoderm.
  • Triploblasts develop a third layer, the mesoderm, between the endoderm and ectoderm
  • Pseudocoelomates also have a body cavity, but it is sandwiched between the endoderm and mesoderm.

• Cleavage, the Blastula Stage, and Gastrulation

  • The three germs layers are the endoderm, the ectoderm, and the mesoderm.
  • The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis; the mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body; and the endoderm gives rise to columnar cells found in the digestive system and many internal organs.
  • The three germ layers give rise to different cell types in the animal body: the ectoderm forms the nervous system and the outer layer of skin, the mesoderm gives rise to muscles and connective tissues, and the endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive system and other internal organs.

• Organogenesis

  • Organogenesis is the process by which the three germ tissue layers of the embryo, which are the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, develop into the internal organs of the organism.
  • The endoderm consists, at first, of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar.
  • Additionally, the endoderm forms internal organs including the stomach, the colon, the liver, the pancreas, the urinary bladder, the epithelial parts of trachea, the lungs, the pharynx, the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the intestines.

• Superphylum Lophotrochozoa

  • In protostomy, solid groups of cells split from the endoderm or inner germ layer to form a central mesodermal layer of cells.
  • The lophotrochozoans are triploblastic, possessing an embryonic mesoderm sandwiched between the ectoderm and endoderm found in the diploblastic cnidarians.

• Cellular Differentiation

  • A pathway that is guided by the cell adhesion molecules is created as the cellular blastomere differentiates from the single-layered blastula to the three primary layers of germ cells in mammals, namely the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm (listed from most distal, or exterior, to the most proximal, or interior).
  • The ectoderm ends up forming the skin and the nervous system, the mesoderm forms the bones and muscular tissue, and the endoderm forms the internal organ tissues.

• The Evolution of Roots in Seedless Plants

  • A waxy substance called suberin is present on the walls of the endodermal cells.
  • This waxy region, known as the Casparian strip, forces water and solutes to cross the plasma membranes of endodermal cells instead of slipping between the cells.

• Phylum Cnidaria

  • All cnidarians show the presence of two membrane layers in the body that are derived from the endoderm and ectoderm of the embryo.
  • The outer layer (from ectoderm) is called the epidermis and lines the outside of the animal, whereas the inner layer (from endoderm) is called the gastrodermis and lines the digestive cavity.

• Class Anthozoa

  • Each mesentery consists of one ectodermal and one endodermal cell layer with the mesoglea sandwiched in between.

• Gene Expression in Stem Cells

  • In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialized cells (including ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm cells) but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues .

• Phylum Platyhelminthes

  • Flatworms have three embryonic tissue layers that give rise to surfaces that cover tissues (from ectoderm), internal tissues (from mesoderm), and line the digestive system (from endoderm).