dispersion pattern

Examples of dispersion pattern in the following topics:

• Species Distribution

  • Dispersion or distribution patterns show the spatial relationship between members of a population within a habitat.
  • Individuals of a population can be distributed in one of three basic patterns: they can be more or less equally spaced apart (uniform dispersion), dispersed randomly with no predictable pattern (random dispersion), or clustered in groups (clumped dispersion) .
  • Random dispersion occurs with dandelion and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds that germinate wherever they happen to fall in a favorable environment.
  • Clumped dispersions may also result from habitat heterogeneity.
  • In this way, the dispersion pattern of the individuals within a population provides more information about how they interact with each other and their environment than does a simple density measurement.

• Liverworts and Hornworts

  • Thus, the life cycle of liverworts follows the pattern of alternation of generations .
  • The life cycle of a typical liverwort follows the pattern of alternation of generations.
  • This sporophyte disperses spores with the help of elaters; the process begins again.
  • Both follow the pattern of alternation of generations.
  • Liverworts also disperse their spores with the help of elaters, while hornworts utilize pseudoelaters to aid in spore dispersal.

• Fruit and Seed Dispersal

  • Some fruits can disperse seeds on their own, while others require assistance from wind, water, or animals.
  • The fruit has a single purpose: seed dispersal.
  • Modifications in seed structure, composition, and size aid in dispersal.
  • Wind is used as a form of dispersal by lightweight seeds, such as those found on dandelions.
  • Summarize the ways in which fruits and seeds may be dispersed

• Water’s Solvent Properties

  • This is referred to as a sphere of hydration, or a hydration shell, and serves to keep the particles separated or dispersed in the water.
  • Nonpolar molecules experience hydrophobic interactions in water: the water changes its hydrogen bonding patterns around the hydrophobic molecules to produce a cage-like structure called a clathrate.
  • This change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the water solvent causes the system's overall entropy to greatly decrease, as the molecules become more ordered than in liquid water.

• Angsiosperm Fruit

  • Regardless of how they are formed, fruits are an agent of seed dispersal.
  • The variety of shapes and characteristics reflect the mode of dispersal, whether it be wind, water, or animals .
  • Once eaten, tough, undigested seeds are dispersed through the herbivore's feces.
  • A fruit's distinctive shape and specialized characteristics will determine its dispersal mechanism.
  • The winged shape of Alsomitra macrocarpa's seeds allow them to use wind for dispersal.

• Herbivory and Pollination

  • The dispersal of fruit by animals is the most striking example.
  • Flowers that attract these pollinators usually display a pattern of low ultraviolet reflectance that helps them quickly locate the flower's center to collect nectar while being dusted with pollen .
  • As a bee collects nectar from a flower, it is dusted by pollen, which it then disperses to other flowers.

• Mosses

  • The moss life cycle follows the pattern of alternation of generations .
  • A structure called a peristome increases the spread of spores after the tip of the capsule falls off at dispersal.

• Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem

  • The simplest arrangement of conductive cells shows a pattern of xylem at the center surrounded by phloem.
  • Tall plants have a selective advantage by being able to reach unfiltered sunlight and disperse their spores or seeds further away, thus expanding their range.

• The Mitotic Phase and the G0 Phase

  • The membranous organelles (such as the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) fragment and disperse toward the periphery of the cell.
  • During interphase, the Golgi apparatus accumulates enzymes, structural proteins, and glucose molecules prior to breaking into vesicles and dispersing throughout the dividing cell.
  • Not all cells adhere to the classic cell cycle pattern in which a newly-formed daughter cell immediately enters the preparatory phases of interphase, closely followed by the mitotic phase.

• Absorption of Light

  • The carotenoids found in fruit, such as the red of tomato (lycopene), the yellow of corn seeds (zeaxanthin), or the orange of an orange peel (β-carotene), are used to attract seed-dispersing organisms.
  • Each type of pigment can be identified by the specific pattern of wavelengths it absorbs from visible light, which is the absorption spectrum.